Computer Game Industry- Research
TIMELINE
1970s
1972- Pong is a table tennis-themed arcade video game, featuring simple two-dimensional graphics, manufactured by Atari and originally released in 1972. It was one of the earliest arcade video games; it was created by Allan Alcorn as a training exercise assigned to him by Atari co-founder Nolan Bushnell, but Bushnell and Atari co-founder Ted Dabney were surprised by the quality of Alcorn's work and decided to manufacture the game. Pong was the first commercially successful video game, and it helped to establish the video game industry along with the Magnavox Odyssey. Soon after its release, several companies began producing games that closely mimicked its gameplay.
1977- Atari released the Atari 2600 (also known as the Video Computer System), a home console that featured joysticks and interchangeable game cartridges that played multi-coloured games, effectively kicking off the second generation of the video game consoles.
1978- Space Invaders was an arcade game. It was created by Tomohiro Nishikado, but manufactured and sold by Taito, Japan, and licensed in the United States. Within the shooter genre, Space Invaders was the first fixed shooter and set the template for the shoot them up genre.
1980- Pac Man is a maze arcade game developed and released by Namco. The player controls Pac Man, who must eat all the dots inside an enclosed maze while avoiding four coloured ghosts. The game director Toru Iwatani wanted to create a game that could appeal to women as well as men, because most video games of the time had themes of war or sports. The in-game characters were made to be cute and colorful to appeal to younger players.
1984- Tetris is a tie- matching video game created by Russian software engineer Alexey Pjitnov. In the game, players complete lines by moving differently shaped pieces, which descend onto the playing field. The completed lines disappear and grant the player points, and the player can proceed to fill the vacated spaces. The game ends when the playing field is filled.
1985- Super Mario Bros is a platform video game developed and published by Nintendo. It is one of the bestselling games of all time, with more than 40 million physical copies. It is credited alongside the NES as one of the key factors in reviving the video game industry after the 1983, and helped popularise the side-scrolling platform game genre.
1990s
The early- to mid-1990s saw the release of a wealth of popular games on both consoles, including new franchises such as Street Fighter II and Mortal Kombat, a fighting game that depicted blood and gore on the Genesis version of the game.
In response to the violent game (as well as congressional hearings about violent video games), Sega created the Videogame Rating Council in 1993 to provide descriptive labeling for every game sold on a Sega home console. The council later gives rise to the industry-wide Entertainment Software Rating Board, which is still used today to rate video games based on content.
1991- Street Fighter II: The World Warrior, as a competitive fighting game developed by Capcom and originally released for arcade systems. Street Fighter II became the best-selling title since the golden age of arcade gaming. By 1994, the game had been played by over 25 million people in the United States alone at home and in arcades. Due to its success, a series of updated versions offering additional features and characters were released.
1996- Super Mario 64 is platform game for the Nintendo 64 and the first Super Mario series to feature 3D gameplay. As Mario, the player explores Princess Peach’s castle and must rescue her from Bowser. It left a lasting impression on the field of 3D game design, featuring a dynamic camera system and 360-degree analog control, and established a new archetype for the 3D genre, much as Super Mario Bros. did for 2D side-scrolling platforms. Numerous developers have cited Super Mario 64 as an influence.
The PlayStation 2 was released in 2000 and became the best-selling video game console of all time. Microsoft entered the home console market with the Xbox. Although initially expected to struggle, it managed to reach second place in sales behind the PS2.
2000- The Sims is a series of life time stimulation video games developed by Maxis and published by Electronic Arts.Players control customizable Sims as they pursue career and relationship goals. Players can also use their Sims' income to renovate their living space, purchase home furnishings, or clothing for their household. Players can also choose to pursue a social and successful life.The franchise has sold nearly 200 million copies worldwide, and it is one of the best-selling video games series of all time.
2007- Uncharted is an action-adventure game series developed by Naughty Dog and published by Sony Interactive Entertainment for PlayStation consoles. The main series of fames follows Nathan Drake, a treasure hunter who travels across the world to uncover various historical mysteries. Uncharted: Drake's Fortune is notable for being one of the first video games to feature force feedback vibration and the development team found influence for many of the game's aesthetic elements from film, pulp magazines, and movie serials.
2010s
The seventh generation of video game consoles entered the market in the mid-2000s with the release of the Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, and Wii. These three consoles dominated the video game scene throughout much of the early-2010s as well. Each console brought with them a new breakthrough in technology.
2011- Minecraft is a sandbox video game developed by Mojang. The game was created by Markus “Notch” Persson in the Java programming language. In Minecraft, players explore a blocky, generated 3D world with infinite terrain, and may discover and extract raw materials, craft tools and items, and build structures or earthworks. Minecraft has been critically acclaimed, winning several awards and being cited as one of the greatest video games of all times. Social media, parodies, adaptations, merchandise, and the annual MineCon conventions played large roles in popularising the game. It has also been used in educational environments, especially in the realm of computing systems, as virtual computers and hardware devices have been built in it.
Definition
MMORPG- massively multiplayer online role-playing game: any story-driven online video game in which a player, taking on the persona of a character in a virtual or fantasy world, interacts with a large number of other players.
Augmented reality gaming (AR gaming) is the integration of game visual and audio content with the user's environment in real time. Unlike virtual reality gaming, which often requires a separate room or confined area to create an immersive environment, augmented reality gaming uses the existing environment and creates a playing field within it.
A persistent world or persistent state world (PSW) is a virtual world which, by the definition by Richard Bartle, "continues to exist and develop internally even when there are no people interacting with it"
CRPG- computer role- playing game- A role-playing video game (commonly referred to as simply a role-playing game or an RPG as well as a computer role-playing game or a CRPG) is a video game genre where the player controls the actions of a character (and/or several party members) immersed in some well-defined world.
AVATAR- personalised graphical illustration that represents a computer user, or a character or alter ego that represents that user. An avatar can be represented either in three-dimensional form (for example, in games or virtual worlds) or in two-dimensional form as an icon in Internet forums and virtual worlds.
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